Regulation of river flow by construction the reservoirs stabilizes seasonal and, at least, long-term runoff volumes. Reservoirs makes it possible to correct the peaks of multioccurrence, significantly minimize the harmful effects of water during the flood period. At the same time, a reserve is created to cover the water deficit in the summer and autumn low water seasons. This function of hydrotechnical regulation is certainly positive, especially for the rivers of arid zones, where it has historically been practiced for many centuries.
The negative consequences f lakes stream conditions deterioration are observed and realized much later than the advantages of hydraulic regulation. The effects of ecosystem disturbance in relation to natural runoff are less noticeable, as they are partly compensated by economic launches. Such ecological consequences as salinization of floodplain soils, change of plant associations to less productive, reduction of biodiversity are not quite obvious and insignificant, due to inertia of the river channels and floodplains degradation process.
The purpose of the research was to develop water protection measures from depletion with the justification under the jurisdiction of the State Committee of Water Resources of the State Enterprise “Kazvodkhoz” to prevent the environmental sustainability and deterioration of the rivers and lakes hydrological stream conditions, as well as to supply the sanitary and epidemiological needs of the South Kazakhstan region population (now – Turkestan region and city of republican significance Shymkent). In order to achieve the goal, were summarized the characteristic of the natural conditions of the rivers Badam, Arys, Karachik, Aktobe, Shert, Keles and Syrdarya, the Shoshkakol, the lakes Eskilikol and Kyzylkol, sanitary and epidemiological needs through the main channels of Turkestan, Altynbekov and Kokmardan. As a result, a scientific and natural assessment of the ecosystem of the above-mentioned water resources and slag storage facilities was presented. The work also assessed the socio-economic conditions in the region and identified the main sources of water use in the basin.
While developing activities to prevent environmental degradation and degradation of the rivers stream conditions, lakes and ecological disaster from burning phosphorous slag, it has been established that effective implementation of the provisions of the scientific justification will require significant strengthening of managerial capacity, both in terms of the clear implementation of existing management tools and in terms of the management procedures efficiency. This applies to the procedures for the annual forecasting of the Syrdarya river basin tributaries within the Turkestan region and related areas. In order to plan the water flow from the reservoirs in a timely manner, it is necessary to update the procedures for the annual forecast of the year and flood period water content.